401(k) Calculator

A 401(k) grows through employee contributions, employer matching, and compound investment returns. A 30-year-old earning $100,000 who contributes 10% annually with a 50% employer match on the first 6% of salary and a 7% average return would accumulate an estimated $1.6 million by age 65. The 2024 contribution limit is $23,500 (under 50) or $31,000 (50 and older). Enter your details below for a year-by-year projection.

Quick Answer

A 30-year-old earning $100,000 contributing 10% with a 50% employer match (up to 6% of salary) at 7% annual return accumulates an estimated $1.6 million by age 65.

Common Examples

Input Result
Age 30, retire 65, $100K salary, 10% contribution, 50% match on 6%, 7% return Estimated $1,600,000 at retirement
Age 25, retire 65, $75K salary, 6% contribution, 100% match on 4%, 7% return Estimated $1,230,000 at retirement
Age 40, retire 65, $50K balance, $120K salary, 15% contribution, no match, 7% return Estimated $1,570,000 at retirement
Age 35, retire 67, $80K salary, 8% contribution, 50% match on 6%, 6% return Estimated $780,000 at retirement

How It Works

This calculator projects your 401(k) balance using monthly compounding with employee contributions, employer matching, and investment returns.

Monthly compounding

Each month: \(\text{Balance} = \text{Balance} \times (1 + r/12) + \text{Monthly Contribution} + \text{Monthly Match}\)

Where r is the annual return rate as a decimal (7% = 0.07).

Employee contribution

Your annual contribution = salary x contribution percentage, capped at the IRS limit ($23,500 for 2024, or $31,000 for age 50+).

Employer match

The employer matches a percentage of your contribution, but only up to a certain percentage of your salary. For example, “50% match on the first 6%” means the employer contributes 50% of what you put in, on up to 6% of your salary.

For a $100,000 salary with a 50% match on the first 6%: the matchable amount is $6,000 (6% of salary). If you contribute at least $6,000, the employer adds 50% x $6,000 = $3,000 per year.

Worked example

Age 30, retire at 65, salary $100,000, 10% contribution, 50% match on 6%, 7% return. Annual employee contribution = $10,000 (under the $23,500 limit). Annual employer match = 50% of $6,000 = $3,000. Monthly contribution = $833.33. Monthly match = $250. Monthly return = 0.07/12 = 0.005833. Over 35 years (420 months), the balance grows to approximately $1.6 million. Of that, approximately $350,000 comes from your contributions, $105,000 from employer matching, and $1.15 million from investment growth.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the 401(k) contribution limit for 2024?
The IRS limit for employee 401(k) contributions in 2024 is $23,500 for people under age 50. If you are 50 or older, you can contribute up to $31,000 (the extra $7,500 is called a catch-up contribution). These limits apply to employee contributions only and do not include employer matching.
How does employer matching work?
A common employer match is 50% of your contributions up to 6% of your salary. This means if you earn $100,000 and contribute at least 6% ($6,000), your employer adds $3,000. Contributing less than 6% means you leave some of the match on the table. The match formula varies by employer.
What rate of return should I assume?
A commonly used assumption for a stock-heavy 401(k) portfolio is 7% annual return (the approximate historical S&P 500 average after inflation). More conservative mixed portfolios might average 5% to 6%. The actual return varies significantly year to year, and past performance does not guarantee future results.
Does this account for taxes?
No. Traditional 401(k) contributions are pre-tax, so your balance grows tax-deferred. You pay income tax when you withdraw in retirement. Roth 401(k) contributions are after-tax but grow tax-free. This calculator projects the gross balance without modeling withdrawal taxes.
Should I contribute enough to get the full employer match?
Contributing at least enough to receive the full employer match is generally considered advisable, as the match is effectively additional compensation. For example, a 50% match on 6% of salary is equivalent to an extra 3% raise in retirement savings.